Christian’s suggested Folkspraak grammar. Skrieved von Christian Skov. A- Like in german ach. Open syllable- like father AA- like like o in English dot. AE/Ä – like Danish æ. English heavy, german hässlich. E- as in english pet Open syllable- longer version of the same sound. In unstressed syllable as e in father. EI- like in german nein. Mein dein etc. EU- like E+U, danish Europa. I. Like in dutch- Zit. Like Danish e in hvis. English if. Open syllable. Like german Ihn- machine IE like open syllable I. O- like in English dot. Open syllable . like german ohne. Oe, pronounced as English hurt. U- Like Oe. Opensyllable like german uhr. Y like german ü in über or dutch uu in fuut. B- as b in buy. C- Before y, I ,e like s. in other cases like aspirated k. D- Hard d like in door both in the beginning and end of words. F- as F In father or german V in Vatter G- as englisg get. H- like a normal h before a vokal, after a vocal as a lengthening of the vocal prior to it thus making the syllable open. J-like y in English yes. K- as aspirated k. L- as in Learn in English not deep as in Dutc M- a m is an m. N- like normal n in no. except before K, G, and a c which is not pronounced as the ng sound in english. P.- aspirated like English pet. R. standard pronounciation like in german guttural r, but I think a thrilled r should be allowed as well as in dutch. S- like s. V- I am not sure, but like an aspirated English v as in void. W- as in german was, not as in English. X- ks Z- Like s or as in dutch or as in german free choice. Closed syllable = kommen Open syllable = Koma. Nouns. 1. the definite article is De, (although there still are some words which use the archaic form der), ex Der Folkspraak institut. 2. indefinite article is en. Cases. There is only one case for ordinary nouns; the nominative. Genitive is usually rendered by von But a genitive ending –s or after another s-ses, can also be used, I however recommend the Von construction. De Auto von Marius Mariuses Auto. Adjectives and adverbs. Adjectives are never inflected according to the noun they describe. Adjectives can be put into comparative and superlative by adding –er in comparative and –st -est ( if after a consonant) in superlative. But you can also add mehr (comparative) and de mehr( superlative) I front of the adjective. Adjectives stands before the noun. Grot grot Groter mehr grot Grotest mehrer grot Adverbs can be derived from adjectives by adding -lik Grotlik= greatly. Word order Subject-verb-object in normal statements. Verb-subject-object in questions. Of course in some cases you can use free word order poetry etc. Pronouns. Ik mie min mein Sik du di/dig Din Dein Sik hie Hem sin Sein Sik shie Har Har Hars Sik det Den Dets Dets Sik wih os ons Onser Sik I jem Eures Eurer Sik de dem deres derer sik Verbs. Almost all verbs are regular, and they follow this pattern. Basic tense pattern: Infinitiv : stem+(t)en ( the substantival verbal form is created likewise) look under the section of the same name for explanation. Praesens active : Stem+e. imperfektum active : stem+ de (or ede if stem ends on t), d turns to t if stem ends On ,d,p, Perfektum Participium Passive : stem+(t)ed Praesens Participium Active : stem+ende Perfektum : subject+ have+ prefektum participium passive. Plusquamperfektum : Subject + havde/ + perfektum participium passive. Futurum : subject + wille/skalle+ infinitive. Imperativ : stem Infinitiv passiv : worden+ perfektum participium passiv. Præsens : worde + perfektum particiupium passiv passiv Imperfektum : wordte + perfektum participium passiv. Passiv To be. To be is a irregular verb which follow this pattern. Inf. waren Praesens ere aktiv. Imperfektum ware aktiv Perfektum participium wared passiv Præsens participium warende Aktiv Perfektum ik have wared Plusquamperfektum Ik havde wared Imperativ war Doesn’t exist in passive forms. The substantival verbal form. Man kannde sagen, dat Hamlet have en problem mit sin waren, als hie frage Tu waren oder nit tu Waren The substantival verbal form is a form, which is used to create nouns from verbs. These verbal nouns sometimes look very much like other nouns, which were born nouns, but the verbal nouns are nouns which that describing the action of the verb from which they are derived, from which they have been derived. What follows in an example which will help to clearify the differences between the verbal noun and the true noun. True noun:Suk a search Verbal noun. Suken “a searching “ ( the action to search) Min evik suken for frohhet ere nit duned My eternal searching is not over Det ere en suk for en doed man. It is a search for a dead man. Or this little cute example. Sometimes however the derived noun and the true noun has exactly the same name. For example “etten” and “etten” where the first means food, while the second means “the action to eat” what the Spaniards would call “lo que comer” Modal auxiliary Verbs. Modal auxiliary verbs describes the way the subject look upon the content of another verb, wich stands in infinitive without “tu” The modal verbs are. Maijen = to may Kannen = to can Moetten= to must. Skallen= to shall Willen= to will Maijen. Express a permission Hier maije man roeken = you may smoke here Together with a denial it express a prohibition Hier maije man nit roeken = You may not smoke here Hier have man nie maijed roeken = you have never been allowed to smoke here. Du maije nit doeden = thou shall not kill Kannen Express a skill or a possibility. Shie kanne hem nit horen = she can’t hear him. Hie kanne folkspraak sprakken = he speak folkspraak. Moetten express a necessity Ik moette gehen tu toilet = I have to go to the bathroom Skallen. 1. express a command Du skalle gehen tu toilet= you must go to the bathroom. Compare Ik skalle helpen min motter = I have to help my mother ( I have been told so) Ik moette helpen min motter = I have to help my mother ( I feel that I have to) 2. express ought to man skalle sagen de wahrhet= you ought to say the truth. 3. as a part of the futurm construction ik skalle helpe min motter in afond = I’m going to help my mother to night. Willen. 1. express a will Ik will gehen tu circus = I wan’t to go to the cirkus 2. as a part of the futurum construction Ik will gehen tu circus in afond = tonight I will go to the cirkus Prepositions. Based on the german presposition system. But I have removed some of. Prepositions can have both concrete and abstract meanings. But still this list needs a lot of polishing. I hope that I have got rid of many of the very idiomatic uses of the prepositions as german zu Hause, dutch thuis. But of course there are still some left, especially aup has a lot of idiomatic meanings, but I decided that it wasn’t very important, as most of the idiomatic uses of that word are shared by most of the Germanic, so they will be understandable to most, I hope. Durgh =through, through (with the) Examples. Ik gehe all morgenens durgh de Park every morning i walk through the park Durk sin studiens In USA have hie qualifisiered sik tu det arbeid Through hus studies in the USA he has qualified himself to the job. For. = for, to (against, towards) Ik due det for dik = I am doing it for you Ik suke for de station = I am looking for the station. Ik werke for hem = I work for him Can be used as a synonym for “Tu”, with only the same difference between the two expressions as in English. De Brief ere for dik = De brief ere tu dik. But the real trick here is that the meaning isn’t quite as concrete when you say “for”, thus it also is Ik fahre for de stadt = im driving towards the city, while “ik fahre tu de stadt” means: I’m driving to the city. (however ik fahre for de stadt also mean I drive for the town like “Michael Schumacher fahre for Ferrari” or “Ik spielle for Folkspraaks Futboellmanskap” but normally you would be able to see the meaning out of the context. Mot. = against. Ik bin mot det Idée = I’m against that idée. Ohn= without Hie komde ohn sin Wif = he came without his wife, Om around, De Watter ere om de Skip= the watter are around the ship. aut = ,out out of, from Hie nemde de Billet aut de ald Fru = He took the ticket from the old woman. Ik ere aut Folkspraakland= I’m from Folkspraakland. Dit appelens komme aut Zschopau = these appels are from Zschopau. Ik gehe aut= I’m going out Auter. besides Auter dik forstehe nieman de Problem= besides you, nobody understands the problem. Bi =at, by Ik ware distdag bi de Doktor = today I was at the doctor’s Ik sehde hem bi de Skoele = i saw him at the school. motover. Opposite De Skoele ere motover de Kirk = the school is in opposite to the church. Mit. With Ik ere her mit min dotter = i’m here with my daughter Ik fahre mit Bicycle = I travel by bike. Efter. After, according. Wi treffe ons after de Show = we’ll meet after the show After det du sage, kan hie nit waren ardig = according to what you’re saying, he can’t be nice. Beware danes, and germans, you don’t searc “efter” something, you search “for” something I Folkspraak. So no Ik suke Efter de station. We use “For” instead because there is a movement towards the station indicated in the sentence. Seits, since, for Seits du have gehed, have ik wared ensom = since you left, I have been lonely . Ik have lived her seits 8 jahrens= I’v have lived here for 8 years. Von, , of, from, by. About. Det Geben is von de Firma = this gift is from the firm De kindens have etted von de Etten= the children have eaten of the food. Det Brief ere skreived von Dich= the letter is written by you De Brief ere von Problemmens= this letter is about problems. Tu,= to Ik gebe en Geben tu dich. = i give you a present.. Wijl = while Wijl hie sukde sin motter, gehde sin Fatter = while he searched for his mother, hvis father went. Aup. = on, and a lot of figurative meanings, we need to work on this. Ik site aup de Tabel = I sit on the table. Sin blick falde aup mi= his bleck fell on me. Ik warte aup min motter= I’m waiting for my mother (maybe we could use aup as only meaning on I a very concrete sense, an then use “for” in a sentence like the former.) Ik warte for min mother, or we could simply ommit the preposition. Ik warte min Motter= I await my mother. De Komponist verke aup sin neu Symfoni = the composer is working on his new symphony. Back. Behind. Ik gehe back De hus = I walk behind the house ( from the front to back, or just around back in circles) De live back den Hus= they live behind the house. In = inside. Ik bin in Heim = I’m at home. But beware Ik komme after en halb stund = I’ll come in an hour. (after an hour) Ik komme for en halb Stund= i’ll be there an hour. = ik will waren der en Stund ( I’ll be there an hour) If you want to indicate movement i suggest intu Ik gehe intu min hus.= i go inside my house Nest. = next to the, beside Skriev det wort nest de ander = write this word next to the other. Ik stande nest de Man = I stand next to the man. Over= over Ik gehe over de straat= i cross the street. Ik live over dich = I live over you. Under = under, beneath. De hund gehe unter de Tabel= the dog walk under the table Ik gehe under de Lampens = i walk beneath the lamps. Foer = in front , outside, before De taxi fahrde front min hus = the taxi drove up to (in front) of my house Ik stehe front dich = I stand before you. Front de Reis skallde hie worden vaccineren. = Before the trip did he have to get a vaccine. Twesen = amongst, between Ik sthe twisen Mennsen= I stand amongst humans. Ik stehe twesen de twe feldens= I stand between to field.