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conjugation [2018/08/23 09:48] ob [Verb forms] te to et after d,t |
conjugation [2020/03/06 15:18] ob [Tempus (for indicative)] mor20 |
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== Proposal 3 == | == Proposal 3 == | ||
* formed by appending the suffix **-a** to the stem | * formed by appending the suffix **-a** to the stem | ||
- | * like in Swedisch | + | * like in Swedish |
+ | * references: [[References# | ||
+ | |||
== Open questions == | == Open questions == | ||
Should a special infinitive marker be used like the English //to// (//to run//), German //zu//, Norwegian //å//, Swedish //att//, ...? | Should a special infinitive marker be used like the English //to// (//to run//), German //zu//, Norwegian //å//, Swedish //att//, ...? | ||
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* add the suffix **-te** to the stem | * add the suffix **-te** to the stem | ||
* references: [[References# | * references: [[References# | ||
- | * remark: does this become **-et** after **d,t**? | ||
==== Tempus (for indicative) ==== | ==== Tempus (for indicative) ==== | ||
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* [if the perfect form of //to have// is used as the auxiliary verb, the past perfect tense is formed (e.g. **Ik hadd stelld** (//i had placed//))] | * [if the perfect form of //to have// is used as the auxiliary verb, the past perfect tense is formed (e.g. **Ik hadd stelld** (//i had placed//))] | ||
* references: [[References# | * references: [[References# | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Proposal 3 == | ||
+ | * the suffix **-te** is added to the stem to form the preterite | ||
+ | * if the root ends with T or D, this suffix " | ||
+ | * if the root ends with a voiced consonant (i.e. B,V,G), the suffix is pronounced, and perhaps also written, **-de** | ||
+ | * the perfect tenses are formed using the verb //have// with the passive participle | ||
+ | * references: [[References# | ||
== The de-de bounce == | == The de-de bounce == | ||
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=== Volative === | === Volative === | ||
- | Non-second-person imperatives need to be considered, especially the first-person plural. The obvious solution is a let-like auxiliary, which could in principle be used for all persons and numbers. Example: **lat os spisen** (//let us eat//). | + | Non-second-person imperatives need to be considered, especially the first-person plural. The obvious solution is a let-like auxiliary, which could in principle be used for all persons and numbers. Example: **lat os spisa** (//let us eat//). |
=== Subjunctive === | === Subjunctive === | ||
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(No proposals i've seen so far have conjugation for personae and numeri) | (No proposals i've seen so far have conjugation for personae and numeri) | ||
+ | ==== Inchoative and Causative Verbs and the Middle Voice ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | We should consider the issues of inchoative (becoming) versus causative (making) verbs, and very similarly, the middle voice. If you know Esperanto, this corresponds to //igxi// and //igi//. The big question is: do we copy (mostly) the natlangs and just use the same verb-forms (i.e. they are " | ||
+ | |||
+ | I think it's dodgy to use adjectives directly as verbs. The provisional causative suffix is **-en**, so an example causative-verb phrase is: //ik troken de plat// (I'm drying the plate). For the inchoative version, the options are: | ||
+ | * simply use that, i.e. //de plat troken// | ||
+ | * use an inchoative suffix | ||
+ | * use a reflexive pronoun, i.e. //de plat troken sig// | ||
+ | * use the verb " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Regarding the middle voice, this relates to verbs in general. An example verb is " | ||
==== Additional remarks ==== | ==== Additional remarks ==== | ||
- | * mostly it is proposed to make all verbs regular, except for the one for //to be// | + | * mostly it is proposed to make all verbs regular, except for the one for //to be//. A possibility for this one special verb (from [[User_ob]]) is the following, using **ver** as the root: infinitive **vera** or **vere** (depending on the suffix), imperative **ver**, participle 1 **verend**, participle 2 **varet**, present tense **er**, preterite **var**. Note that the first three forms are regular, and the second three irregular. |