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conjugation

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Verb forms

Infinitive

Proposal 1
Proposal 2
  • formed by appending the suffix -en to the stem (sko03: and in cases where needed prepended by tu similar to the Englisch to)
  • references: sko03:5, cha07
Proposal 3
  • formed by appending the suffix -en to the stem
  • references: goe09:11
Proposal 4
  • formed by appending the suffix -a to the stem

Participle 1 (active/present)

Proposal 1
Proposal 2
  • add the suffix -end to the stem
  • references: par06:10, par11:17-18, sch12:8

Participle 2 (passive/past)

Proposal 1
  • add the suffix -t to the stem if it doesn't end on d or t; otherwise use -et
  • references: wor02:2, sko03:5, goe09:11, (mor13)
Proposal 2
  • add the suffix -d (par11: -'d) to the stem if it doesn't end on d or t; otherwise use -ed
  • references: par06:10, par11:17-18, sch12:8
Proposal 3
  • add the suffix -te to the stem
  • references: cha07

Tempus (for indicative)

Present

Proposal 1
Proposal 2
  • the indicative in present is formed by appending the suffix -e to the stem
  • references: roe04:15, cha07

Past

Proposal 1
  • the suffix -de is added to the stem in order to form the preterite (e.g. ik skrivde (i wrote)); if the stem already ends with d or t, use -ede instead
  • one uses the word for to have as auxiliary verb in the present form and the 2nd participle of the actual verb to form the perfect (e.g. ik hav skrivt (i have written))
  • references: wor02:2, roe04:15, sko03:5, goe09:12
Proposal 2
  • the suffix -(e)d is added to the stem in order to form the preterite
  • one uses the word for to have as auxiliary verb in the present form and the 2nd participle of the actual verb to form the perfect
  • [if the perfect form of to have is used as the auxiliary verb, the past perfect tense is formed (e.g. Ik hadd stelld (i had placed))]
  • references: par06:11-12, sch12:8
Proposal 3
  • overlaps with proposals 1 and 2
  • the suffix -de is added to the stem in order to form the preterite, unless the stem ends with an unvoiced consonant, in which case -te is used, or it ends with T or D, in which case -ed is used
  • same usage of have as described in proposals 1 and 2
  • references: mor13

Future

Proposal 1
  • formed with the the auxiliary verb for to will / to shall and the infinitive
  • references: wor02:2, sko03:5, cha07, par11:19
Proposal 2
  • formed with the verb for to become and the active participle
  • example: ik verd lopend (i will run; literally i become running)

Modus

Imperative

Proposal 1

Volative

Non-second-person imperatives need to be considered, especially the first-person plural. The obvious solution is a let-like auxiliary, which could in principle be used for all persons and numbers. Example: lat os spisen (let us eat).

Subjunctive

Proposal 1
  • no explicit form for subjunctive
  • use Tempus-shift instead
  • references: sko03:6, par06:13
Proposal 2
  • flect the the auxiliary verb skulen and let it follow the infinitive of the full verb
  • references: cha07

Persona and Numerus

(No proposals i've seen so far have conjugation for personae and numeri)

Additional remarks

  • mostly it is proposed to make all verbs regular, except for the one for to be
conjugation.1393629823.txt.gz · Last modified: 2014/03/01 00:23 by fenris